ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of micro-fertilizer containing rare earth of different types and concentrations on the growth，yield and quality of Angelica sinensis. MethodOn the basis of the single-factor randomized block design， the growth and index components of Angelica sinensis were determined with rare earth-containing nitrate and chloride micro-fertilizers of different concentrations as foliar fertilizers. ResultSpraying 0.8 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing chloride micro-fertilizer could increase the economic yield of A. sinensis， with the fresh yield per mu （1 mu≈667 m2） reaching 855.4 kg and the dry yield per mu 350.7 kg，which increased by 15.16% and 28.70% respectively compared with that in the control group CK1. Spraying 1.2 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing nitrate micro-fertilizer could promote the growth and development of A. sinensis and significantly increase the content of index components， with the plant height reaching 93.05 cm，the stem diameter 15.60 mm，the root diameter 16.10 mm，the main root length 36.5 cm，and the number of leaves 11.25 pieces per plant， which increased by 32.76%，31.98%，41.98%，53.36%，and 45.16%， respectively， compared with those in the control group CK2. Besides， the content of ferulic acid，volatile oil，ligustilide， and extract was 0.96%，0.41%，0.30% and 48.76%，respectively，which increased by 12.94%，17.14%，11.11%， and 12.07%，respectively，compared with that in the control group CK2. ConclusionSpraying 0.8 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing chloride micro-fertilizer and 1.2 g·mL-1 rare earth-containing nitrate micro-fertilizer can promote the growth and development of A. sinensis，improve the medicinal properties，and increase yield and quality. Rare earth-containing micro-fertilizers can be applied in the standardization of A. sinensis cultivation， which can change the production status of A. sinensis that depends on chemical fertilizers and single fertilization， and promote the green， organic and ecological cultivation of A. sinensis.
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Objective::Astragali Radix is an important medicinal and edible herb. To achieve standardized cultivation of Astragali Radix and improve cultivation results, Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus was cultivated with a row spacing of 30 cm and different plant spacing (8, 10, 12, 14, 16 cm) in a test base of Longxi County, Gansu Province. Method::The growth and development dynamics of green strains and the yield and quality of medicinal materials were measured, and the comprehensive evaluation of membership function was used to determine the rational transplanting density and explore the standard production technology of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. Result::The transplanting topping had a significant effect on the growth and development of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under the condition of the row spacing of 30 cm. With the increase of topping, the biomass of astragalus on the ground decreased, and the ratio of root to shoot increased, but the yield of medicinal material per unit area decreased. The appearance traits were improved as the transplant density decreased. Under the row spacing of 14 cm, the content of astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside were the highest. Under the row spacing of 8-16 cm, the content of root extract of Astragali Radix was better than the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard. The comprehensive evaluation index of each plant spacing treatment was 14 cm>16 cm>10 cm>8 cm>12 cm in turn. Conclusion::Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of yield and economic benefit, the optimal transplanting plant spacing and row spacing were 30 cm×14 cm (with the density of 238 100 strains/hm2). Under this density, A. membranaceus var. mongholicus grows vigorously, with thick stems, big root crowns, a high yield and high quality.
ABSTRACT
Perilla frutescens,an annual plant in Labiatae family,is grown throughout China and can be used for medicine purposes and as food additives. The present field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the concentrations and accumulations of antioxidant components,including flavonoids and polyphenols,growth,seed yields and qualities of this plant.The main aim of this study is to provide farmers some advice for improving the yields and qualities of P. frutescens in theory and practice.Five treatments were set up,including a no fertilizer control(CK),chemical fertilizers(CF),organic fertilizers(M),organic fertilizers plus chemical fertilizers at the rates of 1 ∶1 and 1 ∶3 in terms of nitrogen(50 M,25 M). Plant growth parameters were recorded and total flavonoids and polyphenols were determined in three key growth stages of P. frutescens. At the fast growth period,samples of roots,leaves,and stems were collected for determining a total of flavonoids and polyphenols as well as DPPH removal rate of ethanol extracts. Seed yields and qualities were also recorded at harvest. The results showed fertilization enhanced growth and seed yields although no significant difference was observed in growth and seed yields in inorganic-organic fertilizer treatments. The total flavonoids,polyphenols,and DPPH removal rate of ethanol extracts followed the sequence leaves>stems>roots,indicating synthesis of these metabolites in the leaves. DPPH removal rate showed a positive linear correlation with total flavonoid and polyphenol concentrations. In addition,organic-inorganic fertilization significantly increased the numbers of both effective panicles and paniclegrains. Fertilizer treatments had no effect on seed qualities of P. frutescens,while 50 M achieved the highest yield,which increased by 14. 73% compared to CF alone. In general,50 M increased antioxidant components,biomass,and seed yield of P. frutescens,meriting advocate in cultivation.
Subject(s)
China , Fertilizers , Nitrogen , Perilla frutescens , Plant Leaves , Seeds , SoilABSTRACT
Objective: To estabolish te fertilization index of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and regression model of Epimedii Wushanensis Herba, and to explore the optimization of fertilization. Methods: The design of the fertilizer element 3 and factor 4 was introduced, the effect test of N, P, and K fertilizers was laid out and the test data were collected and analyzed statisticly. Results: An empirical model of the relationship between Epimedii Wushanensis Herba and the contents of Icariin and epimedin C to N, P, and K were established and optimized to analyze the interaction among the tested factors. Conclusion: Yield and quality of Epimedii Wushanensis Herba are lower significantly without one of N, P, and K and the optimization treatment efficiency is N2P2K2. Single-factor analysis shows that the yield and the contents of active ingredients Icariin and epimedin C increase and then decrease steadily with the increase of the N, P, and K application. The first order interaction analysis indicates that there exists an interaction range between N and P, N and K, P and K. The synergistic and antagonistic effects are shown in the lower and higher.
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Objective: To study the effect model of various fertilization combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and its effects on the yield of flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum (FCI) and linarin content. Methods: The "3414" mis-classification orthogonal design was used in the fertilization test of three factors (N, P, and K), quadratic regression design was adopted, and analyses on variance and the DPS were carried out by using C. indicum as material. Results: After statistical analysis, the optimized effect model of N, P, and K and the the relationship between the yield and quality of FCI were established. The optimum efficiency was the treatment with N2P2K2 in various fertilizations. No treatment or single treatment of N, P, or K could cause the reduction of yield and quality. Single-factor analysis showed that the yield and linarin content were first increased and then decreased steadily with the increase of the N, P, and K application. The two factor interaction analysis indicated that there existed an interaction range among N, P, and K with the yield as the index. Synergistic effect was observed while the amount of N, P, and K was lower than the range while antagonistic effect was observed while higher than the range. When taking the content of linarin as the index, the reaction between N-K and P-K existed a range, and the trend of linarin showed the same trend as the yield. While N-P always kept the synergistic effect. Conclusion: The optimal fertilization amounts in the optimized model of FCI are 131.280-187.254 kg/hm2 for N, 113.415-170.460 kg/hm2 for P, 118.335-220.845 kg/hm2 for K, respectively.
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O experimento foi conduzido em um pomar comercial, localizado no município de Lavras - MG, objetivando-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da poda antecipada no teor de açúcares da uva 'Niagara Rosada' (Vitis labrusca L.). Os tratamentos empregados corresponderam à diferentes épocas de poda de frutificação, sendo realizada, respectivamente, em 03/05/2004, 17/05/2004, 31/05/2004, 15/06/2004, 29/06/2004, 13/07/2004 (podas antecipadas), 20/07/2004 e 03/08/2004 (podas tradicionais, com e sem regime de irrigação). Para avaliar a qualidade das uvas 'Niágara Rosada' quanto ao teor de açúcares realizaram-se, as seguintes análises: açúcares totais, açúcares redutores (glicose e frutose) e relação frutose/glicose. Para execução das análises foram retiradas as sementes e trituradas as bagas com casca e polpa. Verificou-se que a qualidade dos frutos colhidos fora do pico de produção, ou seja, poda antecipada, atendem aos padrões de qualidade exigidos pela legislação e que a irrigação compromete o teor de açúcares na uva, reduzindo os mesmos.
The experiment was conducted at a commercial orchard situated in the municipality of Lavras - MG, with the objective of evaluating the effect of anticipated pruning on the sugar content of 'Niagara Rosada' grape (Vitis labrusca L.). The treatments employed corresponded to different times of pruning for fructification, being performed on May 5th 2004, , May 17th 2004, May 3rd 2004, June 15th 2004, June 29th 2004, July 13th 2004 (for anticipated prunings), July 20th 2004 and August 3rd 2004 respectively, for traditional prunings, with and without irrigation regime. To evaluate the quality of 'Niágara Rosada' grapes regarding the sugar content, the following analyses were accomplished: total sugars, reducing sugars (glucose and fructose), and fructose/glucose ratio. To accomplish the analyses, the seeds were taken out and the berries were ground, with their skin and pulp. The quality of the fruits harvested during periods that do not include the peak production, that is, fruits originated from anticipated pruning, was in accordance with the quality standards demanded by the legislation. It was also observed that irrigation hinders the sugar production in the grape, reducing its content.